Cunkoson Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa Na Duniya Ya Ta’azzara A Yankuna Da Dama, Yana Takura Tsarin Samar Da Kayayyaki Da Kuma Ƙara Kuɗaɗen Jigilar Kaya

【Rahoton Cikakkiyar Hanyar Sadarwa ta Duniya】Tun daga kwata na uku na 2025, matsalar cunkoso a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na duniya ta ci gaba da tabarbarewa. Manyan tashoshin jiragen ruwa da suka mamaye Gabas ta Tsakiya, Indiya, Afirka, Turai, da Arewacin Amurka sun sha ba da rahoton matsaloli a jere kamar jiragen ruwa da ke layi don jigilar kaya da tsawaita tsare kaya. Idan aka haɗa su da abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da rikice-rikicen yanki da lokutan jigilar kaya mafi girma, kwanciyar hankali na sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya yana fuskantar ƙalubale masu tsanani.

A matsayin manyan cibiyoyin cinikayyar duniya, sanannun tashoshin jiragen ruwa kamar Shanghai, Ningbo, Singapore, Los Angeles/Long Beach, Antwerp, da Rotterdam su ne suka fara fuskantar wannan matsala, kuma tasirin cunkoson ababen hawa ya bazu zuwa yankuna daban-daban.

Bayanai sun nuna cewa Turai ta zama yankin da cunkoson tashoshin jiragen ruwa ya fi shafa. A Tashar RWG ta Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Rotterdam da ke Netherlands, lokacin jira na wasu jiragen ruwa su sauka ya kai awanni 350.83 (kimanin kwanaki 14.6). Ga tashoshin jiragen ruwa masu cibiya kamar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Hamburg da ke Jamus da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Antwerp da ke Belgium, saboda karancin ma’aikata da toshe hanyoyin fitar da jiragen ruwa na cikin gida, matsakaicin lokacin jira na jiragen ruwa zuwa sauka ya wuce awanni 40, inda matsakaicin kudin da ake biya na yau da kullun ya zarce dala 30,000 na Amurka. Sakamakon rikicin Tekun Bahar Maliya, an tilasta wa jiragen ruwa da yawa su karkata a kusa da Cape of Good Hope a Afirka, wanda hakan ya tsawaita tafiyar da kwanaki 14 idan aka kwatanta da hanyar farko, wadda ta kara yawan ayyukan tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Turai. Manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya kamar Kamfanin Jiragen Ruwa na Mediterranean (MSC) sun sanya karin kudin shiga a lokacin kololuwa a hanyoyin Asiya da Turai, inda farashin kaya a wasu hanyoyi ya karu da kashi 73%.

Yanayin cunkoso a Arewacin Amurka ma yana da muni. Ganin cewa manyan cibiyoyin jiragen ruwa a gabar tekun Yammacin Amurka, Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Los Angeles da Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Long Beach galibi suna ganin jiragen ruwa suna jiran jiragen ruwa na tsawon fiye da kwanaki 7 a lokacin da ake fuskantar cunkoso. Waɗannan tashoshin jiragen ruwa guda biyu, waɗanda ke ɗauke da sama da kashi 40% na kayan da aka shigo da su daga Amurka, sun sha fuskantar matsalolin cunkoso akai-akai saboda rashin isasshen ƙarfin layin dogo da kuma rashin haɗin kai da sufuri na cikin gida. Lokacin tsare layin dogo a tashoshin jiragen ruwa kamar Vancouver da Montreal a Kanada ya kai kwanaki 9, wanda hakan ke kawo cikas ga ingancin jigilar kaya.

Tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Asiya, Gabas ta Tsakiya, da Afirka suma suna fuskantar ƙalubalen cunkoso tare da halaye daban-daban. Saboda ƙarancin kayayyakin more rayuwa da ƙarancin ingancin share kwastam, tashoshin jiragen ruwa kamar Mumbai da Chennai a Indiya har yanzu suna ganin jiragen ruwa suna jira sama da kwanaki 7 ko da a lokutan da ba a cika cunkoso ba. A Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Durban da ke Afirka ta Kudu da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Legas a Najeriya, rashin isasshen wurin zama ya haifar da matsakaicin lokacin tsarewa na kwanaki 7 zuwa 17 don jigilar kaya a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Afirka. Matsakaicin lokacin jira na jiragen ruwa a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Chittagong da ke Bangladesh shine kwanaki 6 zuwa 9, kuma ayyukan jigilar kaya na fitarwa suna da matuƙar ƙuntatawa saboda matsaloli masu inganci.

Abubuwan da suka shafi ɗan adam sun ƙara ƙaruwar tasirin cunkoso. Kwanan nan, yajin aikin tashar jiragen ruwa a Rotterdam, Portugal, da Mexico ya kawo cikas kai tsaye ga sakin yawan aiki, yayin da yajin aikin da ake ci gaba da yi a duk faɗin ƙasar a Belgium zai iya ƙara ta’azzara cunkoson a Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Antwerp.

Rashin tabbas a zaɓin hanyoyi ya ƙara yawan abubuwan da ke faruwa a nan gaba a yanayin cunkoson ababen hawa. A halin yanzu, har yanzu ba a san ko kamfanonin jigilar kaya za su yi watsi da hanyar da ke kewaye da Cape of Good Hope ba. Duk da haka, masana’antar gabaɗaya ta yi imanin cewa idan adadi mai yawa na jiragen ruwa suka koma hanyar Suez Canal ta gargajiya, kodayake zai rage lokacin sufuri da rage zagayowar isowar jiragen ruwa, yana iya sa jiragen da aka warwatse a farko su taru a tashoshin jiragen ruwa, wanda hakan ke ƙara matsin lamba ga tashoshin jiragen ruwa da suka riga suka cika a Turai da Asiya.

Cunkoson tashoshin jiragen ruwa na duniya ya faru ne sakamakon abubuwa da dama da suka haɗu: ƙaruwar yawan kaya da aka samu sakamakon kololuwar cinikayyar duniya ya haifar ya zarce ƙarfin sarrafa wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa; tsofaffin kayayyakin more rayuwa da rashin isassun kayan aiki a wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa sun haifar da ƙarancin ingancin aiki; karkatar da hanyoyin da rikice-rikicen siyasa suka haifar sun sanya tashoshin jiragen ruwa cikin ayyukan da suka cika da yawa; tare da tasirin gaggawa kamar ƙarancin ma’aikata da mummunan yanayi, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da mummunan zagaye na “layin jiragen ruwa – koma bayan yadi – raguwar inganci”.

Ya kamata a lura cewa duk da cewa lokacin jira na jiragen ruwa a wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa ya ragu a cikin ‘yan makonnin nan, wannan galibi ya faru ne saboda raguwar buƙatun jigilar kaya a hankali maimakon ingantaccen ingantaccen aikin tashar jiragen ruwa. Gabaɗaya aikin tashoshin jiragen ruwa har yanzu yana da matsala sosai. A wannan shekarar, girman jiragen da ke layi a tashoshin jiragen ruwa da yawa ya kai matsayi mafi girma, kuma yanayin cunkoson na iya ci gaba da tabarbarewa a shekara mai zuwa, musamman idan masu jigilar kaya suka koma hanyar Suez Canal gaba ɗaya.

Suna fuskantar ƙalubalen cunkoso mai ɗorewa, kamfanonin jigilar kaya da masu jigilar kaya suna daidaita dabarun mayar da martani, waɗanda suka haɗa da canzawa zuwa wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa, shirya jigilar kaya a lokutan da ba a cika yin komai ba, tura rumbunan ajiya na ƙasashen waje, da kuma ɗaukar hanyoyin sufuri na zamani kamar “jigilar jiragen ƙasa ta teku da layin dogo” don rage haɗari. Masana’antar ta yi hasashen cewa tare da ci gaba da sakin buƙatun jigilar kaya a lokutan Kirsimeti na Turai da Amurka, tare da daidaita ƙarfin wasu tashoshin jiragen ruwa a lokacin canjin aiki ta atomatik, matsin lambar cunkoson tashoshin jiragen ruwa na duniya na iya ɗaukar har zuwa farkon 2026, kuma farashin jigilar kaya zai ci gaba da kasancewa a babban mataki. Babu shakka cunkoson tashoshin jiragen ruwa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin ƙalubalen da suka daɗe suna fuskanta a aikin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya.

Paperjoy’sƘungiyar ƙwararrun ‘yan kasuwa ta ƙasashen waje za ta ci gaba da sa ido sosai kan ci gaban tashoshin jiragen ruwa na duniya da yanayin jigilar kaya, tare da samar da ayyukan tallafi na sarkar samar da kayayyaki masu ɗorewa da inganci ga abokan cinikin da ke siyan Paperjoy’s. kayan da aka ƙera na kofin takarda kuma farin kwalikayayyakin.

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