Nei EU PPWR iri Nzvimbo Yekuchinja Kutevedzera Mutemo weZvinhu Zvakagadzirwa neMukombe
Musi wa19 Zvita 2024, Paramende yeEurope neDare reVamiriri vakatora Mutemo weKurongedza neKurongedza Marara (Mutemo (EU) 2025/40, “PPWR”). Kuchinja kwechimiro chayo kunokosha: hurongwa hwekare hwaive Mutemo (Mutemo 94/62/EC) waifanira kuchinjirwa nenyika imwe neimwe iri nhengo kuita mutemo wenyika nekumhanya kwayo; PPWR Mutemo unoshanda zvakananga uye zvakaenzana, uye unobvisa zvakajeka murayiro wa1994. Uku ndiko kuvaka patsva kwenzira iyo EU inotonga nayo kutevedzera mitemo yekurongedza.
Mukati mePPWR, Chikamu 5 chinoisa zvipingamupinyi zvakasimba pazvinhu zvine njodzi muzvikamu zvekurongedza nepakurongedza. Zvikamu zviviri zvinosvika pa kapu yepepa chain hard: Article 5(4) inovhara total lead, cadmium, mercury uye hexavalent chromium; Article 5(5) inorambidza per- uye polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), zvinonzi “makemikari ekusingaperi” asinganyanyi kuora muzvisikwa, anoungana mumiviri nenharaunda, uye anosanganisira macompounds marefu ane njodzi dzakanyorwa dzekukura uye endocrine-disaprupting. Mutemo wepasi rose wePFAS wabva pa “kurambidza zvinhu zvishoma zvinozivikanwa” kuenda ku “kurambidza kirasi yese.”
Kune indasitiri yekapu dzemapepa, PPWR haisi bvunzo kumafekitori ekapu dzakapedzwa chete—inosundidzira mutoro kumusoro. Kana vatengi vekambani vachida humbowo hwezvinhu kubva kuvashanduri, vashanduri vanotendeukira kune vatengesi vavo vekumusoro—vagadziri vemapumburu ese e PE yakaputirwa bepa—nekuda kwehumbowo humwe chete.
Semunhu ane hunyanzvi Pepa Rakafukidzwa nePE uyemugadziri wemidziyo yekapuvane makore anopfuura makumi maviri nemashanu vari mubasa iri, vane chitupa cheFSC forest uye vachibatsirwa neRCEP tariff preferences, Nanning Paperjoyyakavaka “kutevedzera mitemo yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa” muDNA yayo kare kare PPWR isati yava chinhu chinodiwa zvikuru—uye yakatanga kupindura mibvunzo inonyanya kukosha yevatengi pasi rose neuchapupu hwevamwe. Ndiyo chikonzero chekutumira kwedu kwekutanga. Ani nani anosundira mitemo kumatanho ezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa kutanga, neruzivo rwevamwe runoongororwa, anowana mukana wepamusoro pane vakasarudzwa veEU nevepasi rose. Paperjoy akasarudza kuva wekutanga.
Faira reMushumo: Humbowo hweBato Rechitatu Hwakatsigirwa neSGS Guangzhou
KuPaperjoy, kutevedzera mitemo hakusi dambudziko rekungogumira—ipfungwa yekuvimba yatinopa vatengi vepasi rose. Kuti tipe musika humbowo hwakaoma kwazvo, takaendesa chigadzirwa chedu chikuru, pepa rakaputirwa nePE, zvakananga kune rimwe remarabhoritari anozivikanwa zvikuru pasi rose: SGS Guangzhou (SGS-CSTC Standards Technical Services Co., Ltd., Guangzhou Branch). Mushumo uyu (Nhamba CANAF26019728001, SGS Job Nhamba O-GZAFL202602254586, yakaburitswa musi wa23 Chikunguru 2026) iPaperjoy, semutengesi wezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, ichipa EU yese nemutengi wepasi rose humbowo hwedu hwekuti tinogona.
Muenzaniso uyu wakapihwa naPaperjoy, anonzi PE Coated Paper; mugadziri nemunyoreri wacho ndivo chinhu chimwe chete, NANNING PAPERJOY PAPER INDUSTRY CO., LTD. (kero: Nhamba 1, Jianyuan Road, Yudong Industrial Zone, Liangqing District, Nanning, Guangxi, China). Mukati meSGS ine muenzaniso wemukati weCAN26-0197280-0001. Semuchina wekugadzira, takaendesa muenzaniso uyu ndokuisa zita redu pauri—tichichengeta mutoro wekuratidza kuti “chinhu chacho chakachengeteka” mumaoko aPaperjoy, kwete kusiiwa kuti vepasi vafungidzire.
Kusarudza SGS zvinoreva kupa kuvimbika kwemhedzisiro kune mumwe munhu wechitatu akazvimirira, pane kutirega tichizvitaura isu pachedu. Kune vanoshandura uye mabrandi anowana zvinhu zvePaperjoy, kukosha kwacho kunotakura: muongororo dzenyu, mabhidhi etender uye tsika dzemunyika, humbowo hwechitatu hwakaburitswa neSGS hune huremu hwakakura kupfuura kuzvizivisa kwemutengesi. Hunodonhedza zvakananga mufaira renyu rekutevedzera mitemo uye hunobvisa mutengo wekuti “sei tichifanira kutenda kuti hamuna PFAS”. Gwaro rakazara rine mapeji gumi nemana rinoratidza nzira yekuyedza, muganho, kukosha kwakayerwa uye peji remutongo nepeji—uku kujeka “kunosimbiswa kwega kwega” ndiko vimbiso yaPaperjoy yekusimbisa uye kuvimbika, uye chikonzero chekuti mugone kuvimba nesu.
Pakurongwa kwenguva yakatarwa, SGS yakagamuchira sampuro iyi musi wa17 Chikunguru 2026 uye yakaedza kubva musi wa17 kusvika 23 Chikunguru; mushumo wacho wakatenderwa uye wakasainwa nemunyori ane mvumo kuSGS Guangzhou. Kupedza bvunzo ina dzakaoma uye mhedziso yakazara mukati mevhiki imwe chete zvinoratidza chivimbo chaPaperjoy muchigadzirwa chayo. Izwi rinokosha zvikuru nderekuti “kuona mberi”: muhwindo PPWR isati yasvika zvinosungirwa kune ese matier ekutengesa – apo vamwe vazhinji vaive vachiri kumirira uye vachitarisa -Paperjoy yakanga yatopedza bvunzo dzepamusoro pezvinhu uye yakaburitsa humbowo. Izvi hazvisi zvekuda kutevedzera; kutevedzera zvinoitwa vasati vasvika. Kushanda nemasangano ane masimba kusundidzira kutevedzera zvinoitwa kumusoro ibasa iro kambani inoda kutakura kune vatengi vayo vari pasi, uye musiyano wehunyanzvi unosiyanisa Paperjoy nevatengesiwo zvavo.
Zvakaedzwa neSGS Chaizvo, uye Nei Zvakaoma
Panyaya yePPWR Article 5, SGS yakaita bvunzo ina. Dzinowedzera kuomarara, uye imwe neimwe inofanirwa kunyatsoongororwa.
Chekutanga, Chikamu 5(4) chesimbi dzinorema. Cadmium, lead, mercury uye hexavalent chromium, ine muganho wakabatanidzwa we100 mg/kg. SGS yakashandisa ICP-OES/AAS (inductively combined plasma optical emission spectroscopy / atomic absorption spectroscopy) uye UV-Vis (ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry), ine miganho yekuona nzira ye5–8 mg/kg. Mhedzisiro: zvese zvina Hazvina Kuonekwa (ND, pasi pemuganho wekuona nzira); huwandu hwese zvakare ND; kutongwa Kupfuura.
Chechipiri, Chikamu 5(5) chePFAS chaiyo. Ichi ndicho chikamu chakaomesesa chemushumo. SGS yakashandisa modified EN 17681-1:2025 neLC-MS/MS (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry), ine muganho wechinhu chimwe chete we0.025 mg/kg, muganho wekuona nzira wakaderera se0.010 mg/kg, uye muganho weSum-of-PFAS we0.25 mg/kg. Rondedzero yezvinhu inosanganisira mhuri dzinopfuura gumi dzePFAS: PFOS nemunyu wayo nezvinobuda, PFOA nemunyu wayo nezvinobuda, PFNA, PFDA, PFuNDA, PFDoDA, PFTrDA, PFTDA, pamwe nePFHxS nePFHxA nemunyu wayo nezvinobuda. Zvakakosha, mushumo hauedze “zvinhu zvevabereki” chete – PFOS, PFOA nePFHxS imwe neimwe ine runyorwa rurefu rwe “munyu nezvinobuda” (PFHxS yega inonyora zvinyorwa zvinopfuura makumi mana). Saka mutsetse mumwe chete mumushumo wacho unofukidza mhuri yese yemakemikari. Kufukidzwa uku kwemhuri ndiko chaizvo kunoita kuti mweya wePPWR Article 5(5)—unotonga kirasi, kwete molekyuru—usvike murabhoritari yekuyedza. Mhedzisiro: chinhu chega chega uye huwandu hwePFAS hwaive ND; chisarudzo Pass.
Chechitatu, Article 5(5) total fluorine. Yakayerwa neASTM D7359-23 kuburikidza ne combustion-ion chromatography (C-IC), muganho we50 mg/kg, muganho wekuona nzira 20 mg/kg. Muganho wakayerwa 70 mg/kg, wakanyorwa ne “#” (unopfuura muganho); SGS yakapa mhedziso yekuti “Ona Zvinyorwa” kwete Fail yakatwasuka. Iyi ndiyo pfungwa inonyanya kukosha yekududzira nehunyanzvi, uye tinoitsanangura zvinotevera.
Chechina, kuongorora kwe organic-fluorine muUS TPCH. Kuongorora kwakafanana. Nzira zvichienderana ne EN 14582:2016 ne aqueous solution pretreatment, yakaongororwa ne IC, inoratidzwa se fluorine, muganho we 100 mg/kg, muganho wekuona nzira 20 mg/kg, yakayerwa 41 mg/kg, verdict Pass. TPCH (Toxics in Packaging Clearing House) ndiyo model yeUS toxic-in-packaging framework yakagamuchirwa nenyika dzakawanda—humbowo hwekuti data raPaperjoy rinopindura kwete EU chete asiwo North America.
Dudziro Yakakosha: Zvinoreva 70 mg/kg Total Fluorine
Vaverengi vazhinji vanoona “total fluorine 70 mg/kg, pamusoro pe50 mg/kg screening threshold” uye kutya. Senyanzvi yezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, unofanira kupatsanura nhamba iyoyo imwe chete, nekuti “total fluorine” uye “specific PFAS” zviri pamatanho akasiyana zvachose.
Fluorine chinhu chakapararira zvikuru. Bepa rekutanga rinogadzirwa nemapuranga ehuni uye zvicherwa, uye zvicherwa zvakawanda zvechisikigo nevhu zvine fluorine yekumashure. Saka kuverenga kwakawanda kwe “fluorine yakazara” kunogona kubva kuzvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana zvachose: makemikari ane fluorine akawedzerwa nemaune (semuenzaniso, PFAS inoshandiswa kudzivirira mafuta/mvura), kana mineral isiri yePFAS yechisikigo. Zvinorambidzwa nePPWR chaizvo ndezvokutanga, kwete zvekupedzisira.
Izvi zvinonyatsoenderana neruzivo rwehunyanzvi rwuri mumushumo weSGS. PPWR Article 5(c) inotaura kuti kana huwandu hwefluorine hwapfuura 50 mg/kg, mugadziri, anopinza kana mushandisi wepasi anofanira, kana akumbira, kupa humbowo hwekuti huwandu hwakawanda hwefluorine hwakayerwa huri muPFAS kana husiri hwePFAS, kuitira kuti mapato akakodzera agone kunyora magwaro ehunyanzvi pasi peAnnex VII; saka SGS inokurudzira zvakasimba “kuita bvunzo yePFAS kuti isimbiswe.”
Mutongo uri pano unoratidza. Panguva imwe chete, boka rechitatu (fluorine yakazara) rakatanga kuongororwa, boka rechipiri (PFAS chaiyo)—PFOS, PFOA, PFHxS, PFHxA, C9–C14 PFCAs nezvimwe, mhuri dzinopfuura gumi—dzose hadzina kuonekwa. Boka rechina, US TPCH organic fluorine, rakayera 41 mg/kg, pasi pe100 mg/kg muganho, Pass. Nemamwe mashoko, chidimbu chega chega chehumbowo hwezvinhu chinoratidza “makemikari ane fluorinated nemaune” chakachena; 70 mg/kg total fluorine inonyanya kutaurwa kuti yakabva papepa kwete pakuwedzera nemaune. SGS haina kukundikana—yakanyora kuti “Ona Zvinyorwa” uye yakakurudzira kusimbiswa. Ndizvo zvinoitwa nerabhoritari ine mutoro: hainyanyisi njodzi kana kuvanza data, asi inoisa chikumbiro pahumbowo hwezvinhu.
Uyezve, gwara reTPCH Chivabvu-2026 rinopa nzira yekuongorora PFAS ine matanho mana inoshanda seyekuzviongorora uye yekutarisa kwekunze: Danho 1, kuongorora kwakavakirwa paruzivo—kuratidza “kurongedza kune njodzi huru” nenhoroondo yekuona PFAS kana kushandiswa kwePFAS kwekare kudzivirira mafuta/mvura; Danho 2, kudzokorora chitupa chebato rechitatu—kusimbisa kana chigadzirwa chacho chine chitupa chebato rechitatu chakaongororwa neTPCH; Danho 3, kuongororwa kwerabhoritari (sarudzo)—kuendesa kurabhoritari inotenderwa kuti iongororwe PFAS, fluorine yakazara (TF) kana organic fluorine yakazara (TOF), uye kana zvakanaka, bvunza mugadziri nezvekuda kwayo; Danho 4, kumbira Chitupa Chekutevedzera Mutemo (COC)—bvunza mugadziri/mupi weCOC uye, pazvinobvumirwa, humbowo hunotsigira senge mushumo wekuyedza we zero-TOF, Bill of Substance, kana chitupa chinogamuchirwa chebato rechitatu. Kuedzwa kwaPaperjoy kunobudirira kunosvika padanho reMatanho 3 ne4—humbowo hwepamusoro pezvinhu panzvimbo pekutaura zvese.
Mashandisirwo akaitwa Pepa raPaperjoy rePE kuti rione mhedzisiro yaro
Dzokera kuchigadzirwa. Bepa rakaedzwa rakaputirwa nePE chinhu chikuru chePaperjoy, chine zvirevo zvakajairika: huremu hwebasic 150–350 gsm, PE coating 7–45 gsm, single- kana kuputira mativi maviri, kupedzisa kusina kupenya kana kupenya, upamhi hwemupumburu 540–1600 mm, uye macores e3/6/12-inch kuti akwane michina yakasiyana-siyana yekapu nemitsetse yekuchekerera.
Mushumo unoratidza kuti pazvikamu zviviri zvezvinhu zvinobvunzwa nevatengi nezvezvakawanda pasi pePPWR Article 5—heavy metals nePFAS chaiyo—chigadzirwa chakasvika padanho rekuti “hazvina kuonekwa”, uye SGS yakaratidza mitongo yakakodzera sePass. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bepa raPaperjoy rakafukidzwa nePE ratova nechivimbo chekutevedzera mitemo yekupa zvakananga kuEU nevatengi vepasi rose pamusoro pemiganhu mikuru yezvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemutemo. Kumusika weUS, zvigadzirwa zvakafukidzwa nePE zvakafukidzwa nePaperjoy zvinosanganawo neFDA 21 CFR 176.170 (zvikamu zvekufukidza zviri mu bepa rekubata chikafu nebhodhi repepa). Muganhu mumwe chete unofanira kutaurwa zvechokwadi: PPWR mutemo wakakwana; kupfuura miganhu yezvinhu zveChinyorwa 5, inofukidzawo dhizaini yekudzokorodza, zviyero zvezvirimo zvakadzokorodzwa uye zvitsauko zvekushandisazve/kuzadzazve. Chinangwa chemushumo uyu chinotarisa pamiganhu yezvinhu uye hachifukidze chinyorwa chimwe nechimwe. Pfungwa yaPaperjoy ndeyekuramba ichiwedzera bvunzo uye kuramba yakajeka, pane kurega mushumo mumwe chete uchimiririra kutevedzera kwakazara.
Mepu yeIndasitiri: Kurambidzwa kwePFAS Ikwaya Yepasi Pose, Kwete EU Solo
Buda kunze kweEU uye uku kusimbaradzwa kwepasi rose kwakabatana. Nyika dzakawanda dzemuUS dzinotevedzera modhi yeTPCH; mabhizinesi makuru ezvekudya nezvitoro akaburitsa nguva dzekusiya macompounds ane fluorinated, uye “PFAS-free” yachinja kubva pakuchinjana kuenda kugedhi rekutenga rekutanga. Kune vatengi, sisitimu yekutevedzera mitemo iri kudhirowa patsva: mutengo, nguva yekutungamira uye huremu hwehwaro ikozvino zvinogovana runyorwa ne “umboo hwekutevedzera mitemo yezvikamu.”
Muhurongwa ihwohwo, vatengesi vekutanga vanotevedzera mitemo vari pachidanho chezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa vanowana mubairo wakajeka wemakwikwi. Kana kambani ikanyora kuti “bvunzo yePFAS yechitatu inodiwa” mutender, mutengesi anogona kuburitsa mushumo wechikamu cheSGS ipapo ipapo anosvetuka denderedzwa rese remibvunzo nemhinduro uye kuongororwa kwenjodzi; munhu anogona kungopa mutsetse wekutaura “unotevedzera mitemo” anowanzo tumira zvimwe zvinhu kana kubvisa pane runyorwa rwevapfupi. Kutevedzera mitemo kuri kuchinja kubva pamutsetse wemitengo kuenda kutikiti rekupinda uye musiyano.
Kukosha kweMutengi: Zvinobviswa neMushumo weBato Rechitatu
Kune vanoshandura zvinhu uye mabrandi anotengesa zvinhu zvePaperjoy, mushumo weSGS haunyanyi kukosha sechitupa asi senjodzi nhatu dzaunobvisa.
Njodzi yekutanga: kuongororwa kwemari uye njodzi yekutenga. Kuzivikanwa kwemutengesi pamakambani makuru uye nzira kunoenderana nehumbowo hwebato rechitatu hunosimbiswa. Mushumo weSGS unodonhedzwa zvakananga mufaira rekuongorora uye pasuru yebhidhi, uchibvisa “sei tichifanira kutenda kuti hauna PFAS” uye kudzivirira mibairo yekupa humbowo husina kusimba.
Njodzi yechipiri: njodzi yekuongorora tsika nemutemo. Ongororo dzetsika nemutemo dzeEU nedzemukati mekambani dzinoda ruzivo rwezvinhu zviri muchikamu chemutemo. Chirevo che “kutevedzera mitemo” chine huremu hushoma kune vanoongorora; mitsara yakaita se “PFAS chaiyo, muganhu we 0.025 mg/kg, MDL 0.010 mg/kg” inokubatsira kuti utange kuzadzisa zvinangwa zvako uye inokubvisa mutoro weuchapupu.
Njodzi yechitatu: njodzi yechiratidzo che …
Kutora Kwemafashoni uye Kuona Zvichaitika: Isa Kuedzwa Kwezvinhu Zvine Chekuita Nemishonga Muchikamu Chekutsvagisa—uye Paperjoy Akazviita Pakutanga
Zano rinoshanda kune vanotenga: nyora “kuyedzwa kwechikamu chemishonga” zvakananga muongororo uye zvinodiwa, pane kumira pa “kutevedzera mitemo kana kwete.”
Matanho matatu. Chekutanga, tsvaga mishumo yebvunzo yezvekushandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana panguva yekubvunza, kwete kubatanidza zvirevo “zvinoenderana nemutemo”. Chechipiri, tarisa kana mushumo wacho uchiparadzanisa kuongororwa kwefluorine yese kubva pakusaonekwa kwePFAS—yekutanga ingori chiratidzo chekuongorora chinokonzeresa basa rekunyora, yekupedzisira ndiyo mhedziso chaiyo, uye kutarisa nhamba imwe chete yefluorine yese kunotsausa. Chechitatu, shandisa nzira yeTPCH ine matanho mana iri pamusoro sekutarisa-kuongorora kwemutengesi, uchipeta “chitupa chechitatu-bato / bvunzo yechikamu chezvinhu / COC.” Sarudzo yaPaperjoy yekumhanyisa bvunzo yechikamu chezvinhu cheSGS inzira yekukurumidza kusundira kutevedzera mitemo kumusoro, zvinoenderana negwara renguva refu remaketani ekupakira akachengeteka uye anoteverwa. Chimiro chatinoda kuratidza ndechekuti “kuona mberi”: kutevedzera hakufanirwe kuva chinhu chakamanikidzwa kubva kumutengesi nemutengi—chinofanira kuitwa chisati chatumirwa nemuchina wekugadzira. Sezvo “humbowo hwechitatu husina PFAS” huchiva chinhu chinodiwa, Paperjoy anotarisira kuti bvunzo iyi inzvimbo yekutanga yekuita kuti kujeka kwechikamu chezvinhu kuve hwaro hweindasitiri.
Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa
Mubvunzo: Mushumo uyu unoreva here kuti bepa raPaperjoy rakaputirwa nePE “rasvika pamusangano weEU PPWR zviri pamutemo”?
A: Ehe—paChinyorwa 5 (zvinhu zvine njodzi), chikamu chikuru uye chinonyanya kubvunzwa chePPWR, bepa raPaperjoy rakaiswa nePE rakaedzwa neSGS uye rakaratidza simbi dzinorema (5(4)) uye PFAS chaiyo (5(5)) dzese Hadzina Kuonekwa, neSGS ichiratidza mitongo yakakodzera sePass. Kureva kuti, inosangana nemiganhu yezvinhu zvechinyorwa ichocho. Musiyano wekuchengeta: PPWR Mutemo weEU, kwete chirongwa chekusimbisa; chakaburitswa neSGS “mushumo wekuyedza kutevedzera mitemo”—humbowo hunosimbiswa, hwakayerwa hwekuti vatengi nevanodzora vanogona kutarisa chinyorwa nechinyorwa, uye mukuita basa hune ruzivo rwakawanda kupfuura “chitupa” chisina kujeka. Muganho wemushumo uyu unotarisa pamiganhu yezvinhu zveChinyorwa 5; PPWR inofukidzawo zvitsauko zvekudzokororwazve uye zvemukati zviri kunze kwechiyero chebvunzo iyi, uye Paperjoy icharamba ichiwedzera bvunzo kuti irambe yakajeka.
Mubvunzo: Fluorine yose i70 mg/kg, yadarika muganho—chigadzirwa ichi chichiri kushandiswa here?
A: Chinhu chinokonzeresa kuongorora huwandu hwefluorine (inopfuura 50 mg/kg) hachina kuenzana ne “ine PFAS inokuvadza.” Mumushumo uyu, zvese zvePFAS hazvina kuonekwa uye kuongorora kwakafanana kweTPCH organic-fluorine kwakapasa (41 mg/kg, muganho we100 mg/kg), saka huwandu hwefluorine hunogona kunge huri hwepapepa. SGS yakanyorwa kuti “Ona Zvinyorwa” uye inokurudzirwa kusimbisa huwandu hwePFAS pane kukundikana.
Mubvunzo: Mushumo uyu unofukidza zvese zvinodiwa nePPWR here?
A: Mushumo uyu unotarisa pamiganhu yezvinhu zveArticle 5 (heavy metals nePFAS), chiyero chinowanzo bvunzwa chekutevedzera mitemo uye chinangwa chikuru chekutumira uku. PPWR inotaurawo nezvekushandisa patsva uye zvitsauko zvezvinyorwa zviri kunze kwechikamu chebvunzo iyi. Paperjoy icharamba ichiwedzera bvunzo kuti irambe yakajeka uye inogamuchira zvikumbiro zvevatengi zvekuyedzwa zvakanangana nemusika.
Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvaunofanira Kuziva
– Pepa raPaperjoy rakaputirwa nePE rakaedzwa neSGS (Guangzhou) uye rakaratidza simbi dzinorema nePFAS chaiyo—mapoka maviri ezvinhu zvikuru pasi peEU PPWR Article 5—ose asina kuonekwa uye akanyorwa kuti Pass, achizadzisa miganhu yezvinhu zvikuru yemutemo.
– Kuoma kuri muchikamu chemuitiro: specific PFAS single-substance MDL yakaderera se0.010 mg/kg, Sum-of-PFAS muganho we0.25 mg/kg, uye PFOS, PFOA nePFHxS imwe neimwe ine runyorwa rurefu rwemunyu nezvinobviswa (PFHxS chete 40-plus entries)—mutongi anorambidza kirasi, uye bvunzo inofukidza kirasi yese.
– Total fluorine 70 mg/kg chiratidzo chekuongorora, kwete kukundikana: nePFAS yese chaiyo Isina Kuonekwa, kukosha kwacho kunonyanya kuenderana nepepa rekumashure; SGS yakanyorwa kuti “Ona Zvinyorwa” uye inokurudzirwa kusimbisa huwandu hwezvinhu.
– Paperjoy akaendesa muenzaniso ndokuisa zita rawo pairi senzvimbo yekutanga kugadzira zvinhu—kusundira kutevedzera mitemo uye kuburitsa humbowo ndiyo nzira yekutanga yehunyanzvi uye kuona mberi kunosiyanisa mugadziri wehunyanzvi kubva kumutengesiwo zvake.
– Kune vanoshandura zvinhu nemabhurandi, mushumo uyu unongoerekana wapinda mumafaira ekuongorora, ekubhadhara mari uye emitero, uchibvisa mari yekuti “sei tichifanira kutenda kuti hamuna PFAS” uye uchibvisa mutoro weuchapupu kubva kwamuri.
Ruzivo rwekuonana
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